The purpose of the book is to make available to the public a sum of current knowledge on the New Caledonian penal colony: an ambition with a heritage vocation. The chosen approach is to present as many illustrations as possible on the subject, accompanied by historical commentaries. This is a different approach from that of writing texts illustrated by images. The image is first. However, almost all the subjects concerning the Caledonian prison are approached. The developed topics are articulated in three parts entitled : Of “Misfortune”—The Amendment—The Rehabilitation.